Emerging Technologies in Africa

Creating meaningful employment opportunities for Africa’s youth is already a major development policy issue. Given Africa’s population bulge and the surge of young Africans expected to enter the job market over the next two decades, it will undoubtedly remain a concern. Recent research has heralded emerging technologies in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) as a game changer that can accelerate the economic transformation of developing countries. African governments are being advised to organize and invest in this revolution by building labour force skills.

While the adoption of 4IR technologies in sub-Saharan Africa could bring substantial economic growth and welfare benefits, it could also bring social and economic disruption—creating an asymmetry of opportunities, earnings, and incomes between lower and highly educated workers—and exacerbating inequality trends. What countervailing policies should African policymakers adopt to balance creating an enabling environment for private investment needed to create jobs using advanced technology, and ensuring that all new labour force entrants have the basic skills and infrastructure to make an adequate living?

Also, just how likely are African producers to adopt the new technology? Thus far, Africa’s adoption of new productive technology has been slow, because of the high costs and because many technologies do not sufficiently address the unique barriers to increasing productivity and profitability that confront African producers.

On September 26, 2022, the Brookings Africa Growth Initiative (AGI) will host a discussion on the new report, “From Subsistence to disruptive innovation: Africa, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and the Future of Jobs” with authors Louise Fox and Landry Signé. As part of the discussion, the authors will seek to answer the following questions:

• What are the current and potential benefits of 4IR technology for economic transformation in Africa?
• Given the long-standing obstacles to technological adoption, how likely are African producers to adopt the new 4IR technology?
• What are the consequences for inclusive development and future employment, if Africans fully embrace the deployment of 4IR technology?

After a discussion with the authors, Justice Tei Mensah (Office of the Chief Economist, Africa Region at the World Bank) will provide comments and distil the key policy options for African countries as they navigate this new era of emerging technologies and the future of work in Africa.